ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF DISCRIMINATION IN TRANSNATIONAL LABOR: A CASE STUDY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA

Abstract

This study examines the phenomenon of workplace discrimination faced by multinational workers in the context of globalization, utilizing the push-pull theory to analyze its underlying causes. The push-pull theory highlights the interaction between forces that drive workers to leave their home countries (e.g., economic inequality, political instability) and those that attract them to new locations (e.g., better employment opportunities, improved quality of life). Due to globalization, many workers migrate in search of enhanced living conditions and career prospects.In Southeast Asia, discriminatory practices against workers from various countries manifest as biases based on race, gender, and cultural background. These forms of discrimination are evident not only in recruitment processes but also in workplace environments, promotion opportunities, and compensation packages. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of international policies, this study reveals how the experiences of transnational workers are shaped by multiple factors, including legal frameworks, social perceptions, corporate culture, classism, and racism.The results indicate that the workplace experiences of multinational workers are profoundly influenced by the policy environment and social culture of the host country. In some nations, labor laws are inadequate to effectively protect the rights of foreign workers, while social prejudices further exacerbate discrimination. Moreover, the corporate culture's emphasis on diversity directly impacts workplace equity for multinational workers.This study suggests that governments and corporations should implement more effective diversity and inclusion policies to enhance workplace equity for multinational workers. Recommended measures include strengthening legal protections, providing orientation training, and fostering supportive communities to encourage understanding and collaboration among workers from diverse backgrounds. Only through these initiatives can true fairness in the workplace and social harmony be achieved.