Ethical Principles and Publication Policy

The publication processes implemented in the Journal of Scientific and Academic Research are the basis for the development and distribution of information in an impartial and respectable manner. The processes applied in this direction are directly reflected in the quality of the authors' work. Peer-reviewed studies are studies that embody and support the scientific method. At this point, it is important that all stakeholders of the process (authors, readers and researchers, publisher, referees and editors) comply with the standards for ethical principles.

General Actions Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics

a) Plagiarism: To present the original ideas, methods, data or works of others as one's own work, in whole or in part, without attribution in accordance with scientific rules,

b) Fraud: Using data that does not actually exist or that has been falsified in scientific research,

c) Distortion: To falsify research records or data obtained, to present devices or materials that are not used in the research as if they were used, to falsify or shape the research results in line with the interests of the people and institutions that receive support,

ç) Republishing: To present the repetitive publications as separate publications in academic appointments and promotions,

d) Slicing: To present the results of a research as separate publications in academic appointments and promotions by dissecting the results of a research in a way that violates the integrity of the research and publishing it in more than one issue,

e) Unfair authorship: Including people who do not have an active contribution among the authors or not including those who do, changing the order of authors unjustifiably and inappropriately, removing the names of those who contributed actively from the work in subsequent editions, using his influence to include his name among the authors, even though he has no active contribution.

OTHER TYPES OF ETHICAL VIOLATIONS ARE:

a) Not specifying the people, institutions or organizations that support them and their contributions in the publications made as a result of research carried out with support,
b) To use thesis or studies that have not yet been presented or defended and accepted as a source without the permission of the owner,
c) Not complying with ethical rules in research on humans and animals, not respecting patient rights in their publications,

ç) To act contrary to the provisions of the relevant legislation in biomedical researches and other clinical researches related to humans,
d) To share the information contained in a work assigned for review with others before it is published without the express permission of the author,
e) To misuse the resources, places, facilities and devices provided or allocated for scientific research,
f) To allege unfounded, unfounded and deliberate ethical violations,
g) To publish the data obtained without obtaining the explicit consent of the participants in surveys and attitude studies conducted within the scope of a scientific study or, if the research will be conducted in an institution, without obtaining the permission of the institution,
ğ) Harming animal health and ecological balance in research and experiments,
h) Failing to obtain written permissions from the authorized units before starting the studies in research and experiments.
ı) To carry out studies in research and experiments contrary to the provisions of the legislation or the international conventions to which Turkey is a party, regarding the relevant research and experiments.
i) Failure to comply with the obligation of researchers and authorities to inform and warn those concerned about possible harmful practices related to scientific research,
j) Not to use the data and information obtained from other persons and institutions in scientific studies to the extent and in the manner permitted, not to comply with the confidentiality of this information and not to ensure its protection,
k) Making false or misleading statements regarding scientific research and publications in academic appointments and promotions, (YÖK Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive, Article 4)

Within the framework of ethical rules; Studies that require Ethics Committee Permission for evaluation in the journal are as follows:

1. All kinds of research carried out with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from the participants by using survey, interview, focus group work, observation, experiment, interview techniques,
2. The use of humans and animals (including material/data) for experimental or other scientific purposes,
3. Clinical studies on humans,
4. Animal studies,
5. Retrospective studies in accordance with the personal data protection law.
In this context, the studies to be evaluated in our journal;
1. Indicating that “Informed consent form” was taken in case reports,
2. Obtaining and specifying permission from the owners for the use of scales, questionnaires, photographs belonging to others,
3. It should be stated that copyright regulations are complied with for the intellectual and artistic works used.

4. Editors ensure the protection of human and animal rights in the reviewed studies. The editors have the responsibility to refuse the study in the absence of the approval of the ethics committee on the subjects used in the study and the absence of any permission for experimental research. In studies that require ethics committee permission, information about the permission (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section and also on the first/last page of the article. In case reports, it is necessary to include information that the informed consent/consent form was signed in the article.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE AUTHORS

1. Reporting standards: The authors of the original research should ensure that the work done and the results are presented accurately, followed by an objective discussion of the importance of the work. The article proposal should contain sufficient details and references.
2. Data access and retention: Authors are required to retain the raw data of their work. When required, they should submit it for editorial review if requested by the journal.
3. Originality and plagiarism: Authors must submit entirely original works, and if they have used the work or words of others, this must be properly cited. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. For this reason, a similarity rate report is requested from all authors who submit articles to the journal.
4. Multiple, duplicate, redundant or simultaneous submissions / publications: Authors should not submit a previously published article in another journal for consideration. Submitting an article to more than one journal simultaneously is unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.
5. Authorship of the article: Only people who fulfill the criteria for authorship should be listed as the author in the content of the article. These authorship criteria are as follows; (i) contributed to the design, implementation, data collection or analysis phases (ii) prepared or made significant intellectual contribution or critically revised the manuscript, or (iii) saw the final version of the manuscript, approved it, and agreed to submit it for publication. The corresponding author must ensure that all authors (according to the definition above) are included in the list of authors and must declare that they have seen the final version of the article and agree to submit it for publication.
6. Disclosure and conflicts of interest: Authors should disclose conflicts of interest at the earliest possible stage (usually by providing a disclosure form at the time of article submission and by including a statement in the article). All sources of financial support for the study must be declared (including the grant/funding number or other reference number, if applicable).
7. Peer-review process: Authors are required to participate in the peer-review process and are responsible for fully cooperating by responding promptly to editors' requests for raw data, disclosures and evidence of ethical approval and copyright permissions. If a "required revision" decision is made first, authors should review and resubmit their manuscripts by the systematic deadline given to reviewers' comments.
8. Fundamental errors in published works: When authors find significant errors or inaccuracies in their published work, they are obliged to immediately inform the journal editors or publishers and cooperate with the journal editors or publishers to correct a typographical error (erratum) on the article or remove the article from publication. If the editors or publisher learns from a third party that a published work contains a material error or inaccuracy, they must take the responsibility of the author to promptly correct or retract the article or provide the journal's editors with evidence of the accuracy of the paper.

REFEREE EVALUATION PROCESS

Articles submitted to the journal go through a double-blind peer-review process. To ensure an impartial evaluation process, each application is reviewed by at least two independent referees who are experts in their field. The editorial board invites an external and independent editor to manage the evaluation processes of manuscripts submitted by editors or members of the journal's editorial board.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF REFEREES

1. Contribution to editorial decisions: Assists editors in editorial decisions and assists authors in improving their articles through editorial communication. It should be pointed out that other articles, works, sources, citations, rules and similar deficiencies related to the article should be completed.
2. Speed: Any referee who does not feel qualified to review the manuscript proposal or who knows that the manuscript review will not occur in a timely manner should immediately notify the editors and reject the invitation to review, thus ensuring that new referees are appointed.
3. Confidentiality: All article suggestions submitted for review are confidential and should be treated as such. It should not be shown or discussed with others unless authorized by the editor. This also applies to referees who decline an invitation to review.
4. Impartiality standards: Comments on the article proposal should be made impartially and suggestions should be made in a way that the authors can use to improve the article. Personal criticism of the authors is not appropriate.
5. Acceptance of references: Reviewers should identify relevant published works not cited by the authors. The referee should also notify the editor of any significant similarity of the reviewed article and any other article (published or unpublished).
6. Conflicts of interest: Conflicts of interest should be reported to the editor. There should be no conflict of interest between the referees and the stakeholders of the article that is the subject of evaluation.

COPYRIGHT
• Authors published in the Journal of Scientific and Academic Research are deemed to have transferred the copyright of their publications to the Journal of Scientific and Academic Research indefinitely. During the publication, the copyright transfer agreement must be filled in and uploaded to the system by the author. Scientific, legal and linguistic responsibility of the published articles belong to the authors.